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NEET Biology · Genetics

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Law of SegregationYou have two copies of every gene.Law of DominanceWhen two different versions of a gene are present.Law of Independent AssortmentWhen you follow two genes together.Test crossA tall pea plant looks the same whether it is TT or Tt.Monohybrid crossFollow one trait for two generations.Dihybrid crossFollow two traits at once.AIDSAIDS isn't a disease you catch directly — it's the slow collapse of your immune defence after the virus HIV disables it over years.Aerobic respirationAerobic respiration is how a cell fully burns glucose using oxygen — releasing a large batch of ATP.Alternation of generationsA plant's life swings between two separate bodies — a diploid one that makes spores and a haploid one that makes gametes — each producing the other.Asexual reproductionIn asexual reproduction a single parent makes offspring with no fusion of gametes — so the young are genetic copies of the parent.ApomixisApomixis is a plant making seeds without fertilisation — the embryo grows from an unfertilised or nucellar cell.AndroeciumThe androecium is the flower's male whorl — its set of stamens.DNA ReplicationBefore a cell divides.TranscriptionTranscription is the cell copying one gene from DNA into a strand of RNA.TranslationTranslation is the ribosome reading the RNA message three letters at a time and joining amino acids in that order to build a protein.MitosisMitosis is one cell dividing into two identical cells.MeiosisMeiosis is a special division that halves the chromosome number and makes four cells.PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis is how a green plant uses light to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar.DNA FingerprintingDNA fingerprinting tells people apart by reading only the short.DNA as the Genetic MaterialDNA is the molecule that carries inherited information.Cell TheoryCell theory says two things: every living thing is made of cells.DNA PolymeraseDNA polymerase is the enzyme that builds a new DNA strand.