Structure of Atom
Atomic Orbital
Atomic orbital nucleus ke around wo region hai jahaan electron ke milne ki sabse zyada probability hoti hai. Ye ek probability map hai, koi fixed path nahi.
Electrons saaf circles me nahi ghoomte. Orbital ko ek wave function (ψ) se describe karte hain, aur uska square (|ψ|²) har point par electron milne ki probability deta hai. Jahaan |ψ|² bada hai, wahaan electron milne ki sambhavna zyada hai.
Har orbital ki ek definite energy aur shape hoti hai (s orbital spherical, p orbital dumbbell-shaped), aur ye zyada se zyada do electrons rakhta hai, jinke spins opposite hone chahiye.
Yahaan students galti karte hain
Bada misconception ye hai ki orbital ko orbit samajh lena, ek fixed track jispar electron grah ki tarah chalta hai. Ye path hai hi nahi. Ye probability ka cloud hai. Tum sirf ye keh sakte ho ki electron kahaan milne ki sambhavna hai, kabhi ye nahi ki wo theek kahaan hai ya kaunsa raasta leta hai.
Yaad rakho
Orbital ek probability cloud hai, path nahi. Zyada se zyada do electrons, opposite spins.
Exam me kaise kaam aata hai: orbit aur orbital alag rakho: orbit (Bohr) ek fixed circular path hai, orbital ek probability region. Aur yaad rakho s me 2, p me 6, d me 10 electrons.
Ye kahaan jud'ta hai
Kyunki orbital ek definite shape waala probability cloud hai, ye shapes hi molecules ke angles samjhaate hain. Axes ke along point karte dumbbell p orbitals hi wajah hain ki water bend hota hai aur carbon tetrahedra banata hai.
Ek quick check
Atomic orbital ko best kaise describe karte hain?
- AElectron ka ek fixed circular path
- BWo region jahaan electron milne ki sabse zyada sambhavna hai
- CAtom ka nucleus
- DEk type ka chemical bond