Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting logon ko alag pehchaanta hai sirf un chhoti, baar-baar repeat hone waali DNA stretches ko padh kar jo har insaan me kaafi alag hoti hain.
Aapka lagbhag saara DNA baaki sab jaisa hi hota hai. Ek chhota hissa alag hota hai. Kuch jagah ek short sequence baar-baar repeat hota hai, aur repeats ki ginti har insaan me alag hoti hai. Inhe VNTRs kehte hain, Variable Number of Tandem Repeats.
DNA fingerprinting sirf inhi variable jagahon ko dekhta hai. DNA ko cut karte hain, fragments ko size se electrophoresis se alag karte hain, aur ek probe VNTR bands ko light up karta hai. Bands ka pattern hi logon me alag hota hai. Identical twins ek exception hain: unka pattern match karta hai.
Yahaan students galti karte hain
Aam galti ye hai ki log sochte hain DNA fingerprinting poora genome padhta hai. Aisa nahi hai. Ye sirf highly variable repeat regions check karta hai, kyunki wahi par log sabse zyada alag hote hain. Poora genome padhna slow, mehenga aur bekaar hota, kyunki uska zyada hissa do logon me same hi hota hai.
Yaad rakho
Ye wo repeats padhta hai jo vary karte hain, poora genome nahi.
Exam me kaise kaam aata hai: questions steps ka sahi order, VNTR ka matlab, aur forensic ya paternity use poochhte hain. Sequence yaad rakho: cut, separate, blot, probe, read.
Ye kahaan jud'ta hai
Jo band pattern kisi suspect ko clear ya convict karta hai, wahi paternity bhi decide karta hai, kyunki ye repeats baaki DNA ki tarah inherit hote hain, aadha maa se aur aadha baap se. Isiliye bachche ke bands dono ka mix hote hain.
DNA ye information kyun rakhta hai →Ek quick check
DNA fingerprinting mukhya roop se kis cheez ka analysis karta hai?
- APoora genome sequence
- BHighly variable repetitive DNA (VNTRs)
- CSirf protein-coding genes
- DSirf mitochondrial DNA